Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of History in NYC's Lower Manhattan
New York City is defined by its constant change and growth, but it also harbors a wealth of history within its concrete jungle. Nowhere is this more evident than in Lower Manhattan, a neighborhood where centuries of American history unfold at your feet. This historic district offers an unparalleled journey through time. Whether you're a New Yorker eager to rediscover your city's roots or a curious visitor seeking to immerse yourself in American heritage, check out these spots for history buffs.
NYC Historical Sites Related to the American Revolution
When we think of early American history, our thoughts naturally migrate to Massachusetts, Virginia, and Washington DC, not New York City. But musicals like Broadway’s smash hit Hamilton and television shows like AMC’s Turn have reminded everyone that NYC is a veritable cornucopia of American history, from momentum-changing events to the rise of some of our most enduring national figures.
Federal Hall
In 1789, after George Washington was elected president, he traveled to New York for his inauguration at Federal Hall. Federal Hall also hosted the first Congress of the United States, and the Bill of Rights was drafted within its historic walls. Originally built as New York's City Hall, the current building, which was constructed in 1842, now serves as a museum dedicated to the birth of the nation.
Whether you choose to visit on your own or join one of Federal Hall’s guided tours, you can see a slab from the original balcony where George Washington stood, as well as the bible on which he swore his oath. Another highlight is the original vault, where you can delve into the history of early American finance and see artifacts from the era. Federal Hall National Memorial offers US history buffs a tangible connection to the nation's formative years. It is free to enter.
Location: 26 Wall St
Fraunces Tavern
Just a short walk away is Fraunces Tavern, a historic landmark steeped in Revolutionary War lore. The Sons of Liberty, often unjustly reduced solely to their famous Boston chapter of Tea Party fame, held meetings at the tavern in its earliest days. Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton also attended a meeting of The Society of Cincinnati under its roof (just a week before their duel!).
Of particular significance, of course, is that George Washington used the locale as headquarters during the early days of the American Revolution. He also famously delivered his farewell address to his troops at the war’s conclusion on December 4, 1783. It took place in the Long Room, which you can still visit today. To recreate the experience, an excerpt of his farewell toast plays while spice jars recreate the smells of an 18th century tavern.
The structure was originally built as a private residence in 1719, but Samuel Frances purchased it in 1762 and turned into a tavern. It didn’t survive unscathed for over 300 years, of course. It suffered a hit from a cannon ball as well as numerous fires, but continued to be rebuilt due to its significant role in history. Today, it still offers over 140 carefully selected craft beers, over 200 whiskeys from around the world, and sports a full menu, serving brunch through dinner.
Location: 54 Pearl St
Trinity Church
No exploration of Lower Manhattan's historical gems would be complete without a visit to Trinity Church. The stunning Gothic Revival structure was completed in 1846, but the church’s origins date back almost a century and a half prior. Following his 1789 inauguration at Federal Hall, George Washington attended Thanksgiving service at St. Paul's Chapel, which is part of the Parish of Trinity Church and is the oldest public building in continuous use in New York City.
In addition, Trinity Church is the final resting place of several notable figures, including Alexander Hamilton, one of America's Founding Fathers and a central figure in the nation's early years. Hamilton Musical fans will also be thrilled to discover that his wife Eliza and her sister, Angelica Schuyler, are also interred here. The Hamilton family were regular parishioners, renting a pew in the church.
Much like the Saint-Chapelle in Paris and Fraumünster Church in Zürich, the magnificent stained glass windows are a highlight of Trinity Church. With windows installed during the late 19th century all the way through the church’s newest addition in 2022, it is a study in different styles and theological expressions.
Location: 89 Broadway
New York Stock Exchange
Though many visitors eschew the New York Stock Exchange and head straight to the Charging Bull for the opportunity to rub their way to financial success, history lovers know better. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) isn’t just the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization, but also a historic institution integral to the financial history of the United States. In 1792, 24 stockbrokers signed the Buttonwood Agreement, laying the foundation for what would become the New York Stock Exchange. This agreement created rules for trading securities and set the stage for organized financial markets in the U.S.
In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, the U.S. government faced significant debt. Under Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan, the federal government assumed state debts and issued bonds to manage the national debt. The NYSE became a critical platform for trading these bonds, helping to stabilize the fledgling nation’s economy.
Location: 11 Wall St
Pro Tip: Though it’s a fairly recent addition, take a moment to enjoy Fearless Girl by Kristen Visbal. The bronze statue of a young girl standing defiantly was first installed in front of the Charging Bull statue in 2017, but was relocated to the New York Stock Exchange a year later. This powerful symbol of female empowerment was installed to advocate for gender diversity in corporate leadership. With her resolute pose, she challenges the traditional male-dominated image of Wall Street and inspires conversations about equality.
The Battery and Castle Clinton
Shortly after the United States had gained its independence, it found itself back in conflict with Great Britain. The British Royal Navy's practice of impressment, forcibly recruiting American sailors into their service, was a major grievance. Additionally, Britain’s naval blockade restricted American trade with France, with whom Britain was at war. The War of 1812, often called the "Second War of Independence," was fought from 1812 to 1815.
The Battery, one of New York City's oldest public parks, offers a serene escape from the bustling city streets while steeped in rich history. Within its grounds lies Castle Clinton, originally named South West Battery, which was constructed between 1808 and 1811 as part of New York City's harbor defenses in anticipation of the War of 1812.
After its military role, Castle Clinton transitioned into various public uses before becoming the primary immigration processing center for the United States from 1855 to 1890. Predating Ellis Island, it processed over 8 million immigrants during that period.
Today, The Battery features several attractions suitable for all ages, including playgrounds, historical monuments, and seasonal events. The Seaglass Carousel is a must-visit, and not just for families, but for history buffs as well. The nautical theme is an homage to the first New York Aquarium, which opened in Castle Clinton in 1896. The Battery is also the departure point for ferries to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island.
Additional Historical Attractions in NYC
Besides the locations listed above, New York City still has much to offer fans of history. Here are some additional nearby destinations to consider:
Once a bustling port for the Dutch West India Company and a center of commerce, the South Street Seaport helped New York City become one of the most robust economies in the world. Visit the South Street Seaport Museum to explore historical ships and enjoy displays on shipbuilding, trade, and daily life.
The African Burial Ground National Monument honors the memory of the free and enslaved Africans buried here during the 17th and 18th centuries. The monument and its accompanying visitor center offer insight into the African-American experience in early New York.
With institutions like the Tenement Museum and iconic century-old eateries like Russ & Daughters, the historic Lower East Side neighborhood offers a glimpse into the lives of immigrants who shaped New York City.
Though Chinatown is one of the city’s most lively cultural hubs, it is also where the notorious Five Points neighborhood was once located. Immortalized in Martin Scorsese’s Gangs of New York, the neighborhood was infamous in the 19th century for its overcrowded tenements and unsanitary living conditions. It became a symbol of urban poverty, with rampant crime, gang activity, and vice. Check out our Chinatown guide to make the most of your time in the vibrant neighborhood.
Conclusion
For both locals and visitors, a journey through Lower Manhattan's historical sites is a captivating way to experience the city's rich heritage and vibrant past. Each landmark tells a story, contributing to a broader narrative that celebrates New York's role in the nation's history.
