Spirited Away by History and Nature in Green-Wood Cemetery
Often overlooked in favor of the borough's more celebrated attractions, Green-Wood Cemetery is a treasure trove of history, art, and natural beauty. This sprawling 478-acre site in the heart of Brooklyn isn’t just a final resting place for the departed, but an unconventional museum where the past comes alive. So add this extraordinary cemetery to your must-see list, and use this guide to get the most out of your visit.
What are the origins of Green-Wood Cemetery?
In the 19th century, a rural cemetery movement was burgeoning. Overcrowded cities struggling with the health hazards of inner-city gravesites were starting to create cemeteries in larger sites outside the city. Highgate Cemetery, one of our favorite hidden gems in London, and Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris were designed as peaceful retreats, incorporating winding paths, ornamental gardens, and architectural monuments. The movement reflected a shift in attitudes towards death, with a focus on commemorating the lives of the deceased, rather than simply marking their graves.
Founded in 1838 by prominent Brooklyn developer Henry Evelyn Pierrepont, and designed by landscape architect David Bates Douglass, Green-Wood Cemetery was crafted to emphasize natural beauty and tranquility, aligning with the rural cemetery movement. And just like the others, it was more than just a burial ground; it became a popular destination for leisurely strolls and picnics. In fact, by the 1850s, Green-Wood was second only to Niagara Falls as an American tourist attraction!
Why is Green-Wood Cemetery historically significant?
Green-Wood Cemetery holds a special place in American history. Battle Hill, the highest point in Brooklyn, located within the cemetery, was the site of significant fighting during the Battle of Brooklyn in 1776. This battle, also known as the Battle of Long Island, was the first major engagement of the American Revolutionary War following the Declaration of Independence.
In addition to its Revolutionary War connections, Green-Wood is the final resting place of hundreds of Civil War veterans. The cemetery's Soldiers' Lot, established in 1861, contains the graves of many soldiers who fought in the war, and its impressive Civil War monument, erected in 1869, stands as a testament to their sacrifice.
Green-Wood’s many monuments and memorials also chronicle many of the city’s significant historical events. The Brown Memorial, designed and sculpted by John M. Moffitt, commemorates the tragic sinking of the steamer "Arctic" on September 27, 1854, which claimed the lives of 250 people, including several Brown family members. Similarly, the Brooklyn Theatre Fire Monument commemorates the evening of December 5, 1876, during which 278 lives were lost when a crowded theater in downtown Brooklyn caught fire and collapsed. That disaster marked the greatest loss of life on land in New York City up until 9/11.
Is anyone famous buried in Green-Wood?
Green-Wood Cemetery is the eternal home to many notable figures who have made significant contributions to American history, culture, and society. Among its famous residents are:
Leonard Bernstein: The legendary composer and conductor known for works such as West Side Story and Candide, and portrayed by Bradley Cooper in the 2023 movie Maestro.
Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Puerto Rican and Haitian American artist known for his neo-expressionist paintings and graffiti art, which challenged the boundaries of contemporary art in the 1980s.
William Poole AKA Bill the Butcher: The notorious leader of the Bowery Boys, a nativist and militantly anti-Catholic political party that operated in the Five Points neighborhood in the mid-19th century. He was portrayed by Daniel Day Lewis in Martin Scorsese’s Gangs of New York.
Louis Comfort Tiffany: The renowned artist and designer, celebrated for his work in stained glass. He is also the son of Charles Lewis Tiffany, founder of Tiffany & Co.
What are some of the architectural highlights at Green-Wood?
Whether you appreciate the Gothic, Romanesque, or Renaissance styles, Green-Wood offers something to admire. The cemetery's iconic Twenty-Fifth Street Gateway is a masterpiece in its own right. This towering Gothic Revival structure, crafted from brownstone, has earned its own landmark status and is a striking introduction to the wonders that lie within.
The Green-Wood Chapel, another distinguished Gothic Revival gem within the cemetery, exudes a sense of historical reverence and artistic beauty. Designed by the prominent architectural firm of Warren and Wetmore, the chapel was completed in 1911. Warren and Wetmore are also known for their design of the iconic Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan, and their expertise in Beaux-Arts architecture is evident in the chapel's design. Large, pointed-arch stained glass windows adorn the chapel's walls while exquisite mosaics featuring geometric patterns and religious symbols make up its floors.
The Matthews Monument is a unique delight featuring a diverse array of animals, including a fox, lion, bears, and more. The sculptor, Karl Müller, hailed from Coblenz, Germany and trained as a goldsmith before heading to the Royal Academy in Paris. He immigrated to New York City around 1850 and became renowned for his terracotta sculptures. The Matthews Monument, crafted from terracotta, marble, and granite, was completed in 1873 for approximately $500,000 in today’s dollars.
Is Green-Wood good for nature lovers?
Beyond its historical and architectural significance, Green-Wood Cemetery is a thriving ecosystem. The cemetery's rolling hills, mature trees, and diverse plant life create a haven for wildlife in the heart of the city.
Visitors are often surprised to encounter a variety of bird species, from the common cardinal to the elusive red-tailed hawk. The cemetery's ponds and streams provide habitat for ducks, turtles, and other aquatic creatures. In the warmer months, butterflies flit among the flowers, adding a touch of color to the landscape. Consider joining one of their birding walking tours from April to August.
FAQs for your Green-Wood visit
Is Green-Wood Cemetery open to the public?
Yes. You don’t have to have a loved one buried there to visit, but check their posted hours, which can vary by season, before planning your visit. Please also note that while it is a beautiful green space, jogging and biking are prohibited. You can also participate in one of their many organized tours or events.
What is the proper etiquette for visiting a cemetery?
When visiting a cemetery, it's essential to be respectful of the sacred space and those who are visiting to mourn loved ones. Here are some guidelines:
Respect the quiet: Cemeteries are places of peace and reflection. Keep noise levels low and avoid loud conversations or disruptive behavior.
Respect the grounds: Avoid walking on graves or damaging monuments. Adhere to any posted guidelines or rules. Stay on designated paths and be mindful of your surroundings.
Be mindful of others: Share the space with others who may be grieving. Be considerate of their feelings and avoid intrusive behavior.
Photography: While taking photos is generally acceptable, it's important to be respectful. Avoid taking pictures of people without their consent.
Leave no trace: Don’t litter. Carry out any trash or belongings you bring with you.
Conclusion
Green-Wood Cemetery is an extraordinary oasis that offers a unique escape from the bustling city, inviting you to explore its winding paths, admire its architectural marvels, and reflect on the lives and legacies of those who came before us. So, the next time you're looking for an off-the-beaten-path adventure or a moment of tranquility, come and uncover the stories of Green-Wood Cemetery.
